Science & Medicine

Brown County / Green Bay / 1600-1800 / Le Maire Sundial / Related Stories / Global Connections / Nature & Environment / Religion / Science & Medicine / Region 5 - Center East

French Cartography in the Great Lakes

French mariners and explorers using the Le Maire Sundial Compass depended on both their own specialized navigational expertise and maps produced by French cartographers. Many such maps were created based on explorer accounts of the navigable waterways between the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi…

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May 21, 2018

Education / Williams Bay / Related Stories / 1820-1840 / 1840-1860 / Walworth County / 1860-1880 / 1880-1900 / Yerkes Telescope / 1900-1920 / 1920-1940 / Science & Medicine / 1940-1960 / 1960-1980 / 1980-2000 / 2000-2020 / Region 7 - South Center / 2020-2040

Williams Bay, WI

Captain Israel Williams founded Williams Bay, Wisconsin, in 1835. Williams and his two sons originally traveled to Wisconsin from their Massachusetts home to look for good farmland. Williams Bay was later named in honor of Captain Williams.Until 1890, only a few families…

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May 9, 2018

Williams Bay / Education / Related Stories / Walworth County / Yerkes Telescope / 1900-1920 / 1920-1940 / Science & Medicine / 1940-1960 / 1960-1980 / 1980-2000 / Region 7 - South Center

Astronomy in the 1900s

In the 1800s, astronomers valued telescope magnification to investigate planets and stars. In the 1900s, astronomers started to ask questions about the structure of our galaxy, the Milky Way, which lead to greater emphasis on light-gathering power. By 1951, William Morgan at…

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May 9, 2018

Education / Williams Bay / Related Stories / Walworth County / Yerkes Telescope / 1880-1900 / 1900-1920 / 1920-1940 / 1940-1960 / Science & Medicine / 1960-1980 / 1980-2000 / 2000-2020 / Region 7 - South Center / 2020-2040

Yerkes Telescope Construction and Use

 The construction of the 40-inch refracting telescope at Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, was directed by George Hale, an astrophysicist at the University of Chicago, and funded by Charles Yerkes, a Chicago businessman. The telescope is made of 40-inch glass lenses manufactured by the…

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May 9, 2018

Pre-1600 / 1600-1800 / Related Stories / 1800-1820 / 1820-1840 / 1840-1860 / 1860-1880 / 1880-1900 / Science & Medicine / Cupping Kit

What is Cupping?

Until the late nineteenth century, cupping was widely used for the treatment of inflammation and deep-seated pain believed to be due to an imbalance of the humors. A physician or barber surgeon would begin cupping by selecting the appropriate cup based on the amount…

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May 3, 2018

Related Stories / 1860-1880 / 1880-1900 / Science & Medicine / Cupping Kit

The Decline of Humoral Theory

Cupping (as well as general bloodletting) declined in the late nineteenth century. Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch’s experiments in pathology demonstrated the existence of foreign bodies and their role disease, called in to question humoral theory. 1 Dr. Ira Marks, in an address to the Wisconsin…

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May 3, 2018